T
Taiwan Strait II: The Risk of War. 6 June 2003.
- This International Crisis Group report affirms that military conflict is not in the interests of either China or Taiwan and suggests demilitarizing and confidence-building measures be undertaken by both parties. Keywords: One China, Taiwanese independence, United States role
Tetley, William. The Chinese/US Incident at Hainan – A Confrontation of Super Powers and Civilizations. McGill University.
- Uses 2001 collision between Chinese and US aircraft to frame five questions on international law, information collecting and US East Asia policy. Keywords: Taiwan, EEZ, UNCLOS
Thalang, Jeerawat Na and Vorapun Srivoranart. Kra Canal: centuries-old idea that refuses to die. Nation Multimedia Group.
-To dig or not to dig has long been a burning question surrounding the Kra Canal project. The debate surfaced again at a lively seminar focussing on the influence of the sea on the economy. The issue of whether or not the country should be cut in half by a canal appears to have as many supporters as opponents
Thao, Nguyen Hong. The 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea: A Note. Ocean Development & International Law, 34:279–285, 2003.
- Briefly describes the content and importance of the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. Keywords: code of conduct, South China Sea disputes
Thao, Nguyen Hong. Maritime Delimitation and Fishery Cooperation in the Tonkin Gulf. Ocean Development & International Law, 36:25–44, 2005.
- The Tonkin Gulf fisheries cooperation and maritime boundaries agreements signed by Vietnam and China in 2004 “end years of negotiation and debate regarding the rights of the respective states to the ocean areas and resources in the Gulf.” Keywords: fisheries arrangement, Gulf of Tonkin, maritime boundary agreement.
Thapar, Vishal. Navy deploys warships in South China Sea. Hindustan Times, 18 October 2004.
-”To further project its blue water capability, the Indian Navy has deployed five of its front-line warships in the South China Sea.”
Thayer, Carlyle A. Tensions Promote Discussions on a Code of Conduct. Comparative Connections, 1st Quarter 2000: China-ASEAN Relations.
- Quarterly review. Highlights: Chinese ships fishing and mining coral around Scarborough Shoal led to territorial disputes and diplomatic protests between Manila and Beijing. On March 15, senior officials from China and ASEAN met for the first time to discuss a draft Code of Conduct for the South China Sea.
Thia-Eng, Chua. “Coastal and Ocean Governance of the Seas of East Asia.”, September 2002.
- Proposes a “sustainable development strategy for the seas of East Asia”. Keywords: World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
To, Lee Lai. China, the USA and the South China Sea Conflicts. Security Dialogue vol. 34, no. 1, March 2003.
“This article focuses on China’s strategy in dealing with the US factor in the South China Sea conflicts.”
Tønnesson, Stein. Sino-Vietnamese Rapprochement and the South China Sea Irritant. Security Dialogue, Vol. 34, 55-70, 2003.
- This article describes the Sino-Vietnamese rapprochement in the 1990s, analyses the South China Sea ‘irritant’, presents the Gulf of Tonkin agreements and discusses the prospects for a Sino-Vietnamese initiative to resolve the South China Sea dispute. Keywords: Declaration on the Conduct of Parties, ASEAN, Paracels
Tønnesson, Stein. Two Scenarios of Conflict Management. University of Oslo.
-The author presents two scenarios for how the dispute in the South China Sea could be managed and perhaps eventually resolved. One scenario is idealistic, while the other is realistic.
Townsend-Gault, Ian. The Role of ‘Track Two’ Diplomacy in Ocean Affairs. South China Sea Informal Working Group at the University of British Columbia.
- Brief definition of Track Two Diplomacy (informal diplomacy) and its use.
Townsend-Gault, Ian. Legal and Political Perspectives on Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands. University of British Columbia, 1999
- Examines “some of the implications of the dispute concerning sovereignty over the Spratly Islands”. Keywords: Law of the Sea Convention, energy, international law.
Trono, Romeo B. and Jose Alfred B. Cantos. Conserving Migratory Species Through Ecoregion Conservation Approach: The Case of Sea Turtles in Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion, December 2002.
- “The tri-national sea turtle conservation program is envisioned to effectively conserve the largest green and hawksbill turtle populations and their habitats in the Southeast Asian region.” Keywords: WWF, ASEAN, Philippines, Malaysia
Understanding Security: Old and New Threats: Piracy and Maritime Terrorism.
- Article by the EuroCrime think tank about the rise in both the frequency and violence of piracy attacks around the world.
United Nations Environmental Program. Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand. September 2003.
- Official report of the First Meeting of the Regional Task Force on Legal Matters. Keywords: ASEAN, mangroves, swamp grass.
United States Energy Information Administration, World Oil Transit Chokepoints.
- Offers background information on seven strategic chokepoints for oil tankers. Keywords: Suez, Hormuz, Panama, Malacca, Bab-al-Mandab, Bosporus
United States Central Intelligence Agency, 1998 World Factbook:
Paracel Islands
Spratly Islands
Valencia, Mark J. China’s push for offshore oil: A chance for joint deals. Singapore Press Holdings, September 2004.
- “As China’s energy demand and oil import bill soar and its other domestic sources run dry, it is increasingly casting its eye offshore – to disputed areas in the South and East China seas. This has raised tension. But it has also created the opportunity for joint development, which could build confidence and improve relations in the region.” Keywords: Spratly Islands, Diaoyu Islands, ASEAN
Valencia, Mark J. Conclusions and the way forward. Marine Policy Volume 29, Issue 2 , March 2005, Pages 185-187.
- “Military and intelligence gathering activities in the EEZs will likely become more intensive and intrusive. They will also become more controversial because there is disagreement regarding the regime governing such activities in the EEZ. Dialogue leading to agreed voluntary guidelines for these activities must continue.” Keywords: EEZ; Regimes; Conclusions; Next steps
Valencia, Mark J. Introduction: military and intelligence gathering activities in the exclusive economic zones: consensus and disagreement II. Marine Policy Volume 29, Issue 2 , March 2005, Pages 97-99.
- “Topics covered included a summary of the Tokyo Meeting; recent incidents and developments; different perspectives; the proliferation security initiative; implications for the EEZ regime; key terms: range of interpretation; hydrographic surveys and scientific research: differences, overlaps and implications; draft guidelines for military and intelligence gathering in the EEZ; means and manner of implementation and enforcement of any agreed rules; and conclusions and the way forward.”
Valencia, Mark J. In Response to Robert Beckman. RSIS Commentaries;June 4, 2007.
- A response to what the author considers the overly optimistic views of Beckman’s article, “Joint Development in the South China Sea, Time for ASEAN and China to Promote Cooperation?”
Valencia, Mark J. “Regional Maritime Marine Building: Prospects in Northeast and Southeast Asia” Ocean Development and International Law, 2000.
- “The primacy of dis-integrative factors argues strongly for an ad hoc, issue-specific, evolutionary process for multilateral maritime regime building in Asia.” Keywords: Asia, maritime regime building, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia
Valencia, Mark J and Kazumine Akimoto. Report of the Tokyo meeting and progress to date. Marine Policy Volume 29, Issue 2 , March 2005, Pages 101-106.
Valencia, Mark J and Kazumine Akimoto. Report of the Tokyo meeting and progress to date. Marine Policy Volume 29, Issue 2 , March 2005, Pages 101-106.
Valencia, Mark J. and Yoshihisa Amae. Regime Building in the East China Sea. Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 34, 2003, 189–208.
- “This article reviews the progress made in building this conflict avoidance regime and examines the need for and ways to expand it to cover military activities in the EEZ.” Keywords: East China Sea, regime building.
Van Dyke, Jon M. The disappearing right to navigational freedom in the exclusive economic zone. Marine Policy Volume 29, Issue 2 , March 2005, Pages 107-121.
- “The balance between navigation and other national interests continues to develop, and navigational freedoms appear to be disappearing during this evolutionary process.” Keywords: EEZ; Freedom of navigation; Disappearing right
Vietnamese Hold Rare Rally over Islands. The Associated Press; Dec 9, 2007.
“Several hundred Vietnamese staged a rare public demonstration Sunday to protest China’s effort to claim control of two disputed island chains in the South China Sea.” Students protested China’s attempts to make a symbolic legal claim over the Paracel and Spratly Islands.
W
Walters, S. Contemporary Maritime Piracy. Crime and Justice International; Vol.23, Iss.96, 2007, pg.10-16.
- Lays out current criteria for the definition of piracy while looking at some of the concerns surrounding a rise in piracy attack.
Weeks, Stanley B., Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC) Security and Access, University of California, Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation; Feb, 1998.
- “Security and access to sea lines of communication (SLOCs) is of increasing importance, as these sea lines are the maritime highways for vast trade flows critical to the rapidly growing prosperity not only of the Northeast Asia region, but also for the entire Asia-Pacific.” Keywords: ASEAN, piracy, Spratly
Y
Yann-Huei Song. Declarations and Statements with Respect to the 1982 UNCLOS: Potential Legal Disputes between the United States and China after US Accession to the Convention. Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 36, 2005, 261–289.
- “This article discusses the implications of US accession to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) for the future development of Sino- American relations in the areas of ocean law and politics.” Keywords: accession, China, Law of the Sea Convention, legal disputes, United States.
Young, Adam J. and Mark J. Valencia. Conflation of piracy and terrorism in Southeast Asia: Rectitude and utility. Contemporary Southeast Asia. Singapore: Aug 2003. Vol. 25, Iss. 2; pg.269.
- “…the objectives of pirates and terrorists are different, and solutions should be fitted to the particular problem.” Keywords: International Maritime Bureau, hijacking, pirate, terrorist
Young, Elizabeth. To Guard the Sea. Foreign Affairs; Vol.50, No.000001, Oct 1971, pg.136.
- Argues the need for clear-cut, universal laws to govern actions of different countries and individuals at sea.
Yow, Cheun Hoe. Resources for China-ASEAN Relations. China: An International Journal, March 2004, 171-185.
- Chronology of events in China-ASEAN relations between April and November 2003. Keywords: free trade, SARS, Thailand, Malaysia
Yu, Yunjun and Yongtong Mu. The new institutional arrangements for fisheries management in Beibu Gulf. Marine Policy, 2005.
- “A brief comparison is drawn among the three effectual fisheries agreements signed by China, respectively, with Japan, South Korea and Vietnam. Finally, as for the future of fisheries management in the Gulf some recommendations are made.” Keywords: Fisheries management; Institutional arrangements; Beibu Gulf (Tonkin Gulf)
Z
Zubir, Mokhzani and Mohd Nizam Basiron. The Straits of Malacca: the Rise of China, America’s Intentions and the Dilemma of the Littoral States, April 2005.
- Malaysia and other littoral states must continually find ways to balance pressure from the US to increase security in the straits leading to the South China Sea and pressure from China to allow the unobstructed passage of its oil tankers. Keywords: UNLOSC, United States, Lombok, piracy, terrorism
